In Indonesia, Aeromodelling has known since 1945 under organization called "Indonesian Federation of Aerosport" (FASI). Read more about FASI include history, regulation, exhibition and championship on http://www.aeromodelling.or.id
How it fly
Wing as main part of aeronautic model is components that give lift-force to the model so it could fly up into the sky. Illustrate as below:
Type
Aeronautic Modelling nowadays divided into two type, namely "Fixed wing type" and "Rotary wing type". Fixed wing type include conventional propeller airplane, military jet, civil aircraft, etc. while the rotary wing type include helicopter, multicopter, etc.
Parts
In minimum, aeronautic model consist of :
1. Model
2. Propulsion System : Engine or Electric Motor
3. Radio System : Transmitter, Receiver,
4. Servo
5. Battery
6. Fuel (Engine only)
7. Speed Control (Electric only)
Parts brief description:
Model.
Model of the aeronautic build from many different material such as balsa wood, ply, fiberglass, foam, etc. In balsa wood model, covering material such as fiberglass cloth and heat shrinkable film are widely used.
Model of the aeronautic build from many different material such as balsa wood, ply, fiberglass, foam, etc. In balsa wood model, covering material such as fiberglass cloth and heat shrinkable film are widely used.
Propulsion System.
Propulsion system for Aeronautic model could be powered by Engine or Electric Motor. Whether glow-plug or gas engine type both are works as conventional engine where combustion process from air-fuel mix will compress the air and moved the piston inside it. Electric motor which use as propulsion system for the aeronautic model is more environment friendly in term of the 'gas release' as the engine did. However both engine and electric motor have it's own pros and cons by reviewing it's complete system (Engine's Nitro Fuel vs Motors's Battery). One more, please read carefully the warning on your product instruction manual!
Propulsion system for Aeronautic model could be powered by Engine or Electric Motor. Whether glow-plug or gas engine type both are works as conventional engine where combustion process from air-fuel mix will compress the air and moved the piston inside it. Electric motor which use as propulsion system for the aeronautic model is more environment friendly in term of the 'gas release' as the engine did. However both engine and electric motor have it's own pros and cons by reviewing it's complete system (Engine's Nitro Fuel vs Motors's Battery). One more, please read carefully the warning on your product instruction manual!
Radio System : Transmitter, Receiver
Each radio system (Both Tx & Rx) working in specific frequency modulation range. Common frequency used in aeronautic model are 27MHz, 72MHz, 2.4GHz. For each frequency range there are specific channel (different crystal used) used among modeler to avoid interference each other when used at the same time. Technology such as synthesizer allow specific binding between Tx & Rx only by pressing the button. Furthermore technology as spread spectrum will automatically do the channel hoping - scanning the free channel. Those technology allow modeler to fly the model without worries to changing crystal nor interference with other radio being used.
Servo
Servo is part of aeronautic model where use to moving the control surface (aileron, elevator, rudder, flap, air brake) or other mechanical moving part (retractable landing gear, bomb door bay, engine throttle). Servo is motor with built-in encoder that react as radio - stick being moved. Lot of type and size of servo available from micro servo with weight around 8g upto large servo which have torque above 20kg. Some servo come with ball bearing and digital system to allow more precision movement and durable. There are three wire came out from the servo : signal, power, and ground. The signal type used to control position and speed movement of the servo motor is PWM (pulse width modulation) means the each signal's pulse width value which astable will match each value of the servo position and movement speed.
Servo is part of aeronautic model where use to moving the control surface (aileron, elevator, rudder, flap, air brake) or other mechanical moving part (retractable landing gear, bomb door bay, engine throttle). Servo is motor with built-in encoder that react as radio - stick being moved. Lot of type and size of servo available from micro servo with weight around 8g upto large servo which have torque above 20kg. Some servo come with ball bearing and digital system to allow more precision movement and durable. There are three wire came out from the servo : signal, power, and ground. The signal type used to control position and speed movement of the servo motor is PWM (pulse width modulation) means the each signal's pulse width value which astable will match each value of the servo position and movement speed.
Battery
For engine type of the aeronautic model the battery only used to powering receiver and the servo, but for the electric type of the aeronautic model the battery used as primary source of the propulsion system (electric motor). There are several type of battery commonly used in the aeronautic model namely Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad), Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMh), Lithium-Polymer (LiPo), Lithium-Ferum (LiFe). Nowadays LiPo type are widely used instead Nixx as its more light and have high discharge rate to used in high amp motor. LiFe now started used as Tx/Rx battery where the discharge rate is below rate that could breaking down the low amperage Tx/Rx circuit.
For LiPo used to power the electric motor, always remember to check the battery max current discharge above the motor maximum amperage. (Battery max current discharge = xC number X your battery capacity mAh)
For engine type of the aeronautic model the battery only used to powering receiver and the servo, but for the electric type of the aeronautic model the battery used as primary source of the propulsion system (electric motor). There are several type of battery commonly used in the aeronautic model namely Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad), Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMh), Lithium-Polymer (LiPo), Lithium-Ferum (LiFe). Nowadays LiPo type are widely used instead Nixx as its more light and have high discharge rate to used in high amp motor. LiFe now started used as Tx/Rx battery where the discharge rate is below rate that could breaking down the low amperage Tx/Rx circuit.
For LiPo used to power the electric motor, always remember to check the battery max current discharge above the motor maximum amperage. (Battery max current discharge = xC number X your battery capacity mAh)
Fuel (Engine only)
Glow engine fuel is generally mixing of nitromethane, methanol and oil. Few choice of mixing percentage are available from 5%, 10%, 15% or 30% each for aircraft or helicopter type. Miscellaneous parts such fuel pump, fuel filter, and the tubing are needed to give you convenient way to fill / emptied the fuel to and from the fuel tank.
Glow engine fuel is generally mixing of nitromethane, methanol and oil. Few choice of mixing percentage are available from 5%, 10%, 15% or 30% each for aircraft or helicopter type. Miscellaneous parts such fuel pump, fuel filter, and the tubing are needed to give you convenient way to fill / emptied the fuel to and from the fuel tank.
Speed Control (Electric only)
ESC or Electronic speed control used as throttle control of the electric motor. Programming mode are generally available to allow you to program the ESC voltage cut-off, start-up mode, calibrating the throttle and many more. The ESC commonly built-in BEC (battery eliminator circuit), this allow you to power the Rx and servos direct from the battery connected to it. As shown below is brushless type of the ESC where one side need to be connected to the motor, while the other side connected to the battery and the small three bind wire have to be connected to the receiver throttle channel.
Please remember: Always calibrate your ESC each time you used new transmitter! Please used ESC with amperage limit above your motor max current draw.
ESC or Electronic speed control used as throttle control of the electric motor. Programming mode are generally available to allow you to program the ESC voltage cut-off, start-up mode, calibrating the throttle and many more. The ESC commonly built-in BEC (battery eliminator circuit), this allow you to power the Rx and servos direct from the battery connected to it. As shown below is brushless type of the ESC where one side need to be connected to the motor, while the other side connected to the battery and the small three bind wire have to be connected to the receiver throttle channel.
Please remember: Always calibrate your ESC each time you used new transmitter! Please used ESC with amperage limit above your motor max current draw.
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